The Registro Unificado Nacional will come into effect on January 14th and will mark a turning point in real estate legal security.

The regulatory, technical and operational keys to the implementation of the RUN, the new Unique Cadastral Registry Identification Code and its impact on the legal security of the real estate market.

The implementation of the Registro Unificado Nacional (RUN) represents one of the most significant structural changes to the Paraguayan legal and real estate system in decades. Through a regulatory process comprised of two complementary resolutions issued by the Supreme Court of Justice in December 2025, the country is initiating a profound transformation in how real estate and associated property rights are identified, registered, and publicized.

This new scheme is not simply an administrative update. It represents a complete reconfiguration of the land registry and cadastral system, with a direct impact on legal certainty, property traceability, the efficiency of procedures, and the predictability necessary for an increasingly complex and sophisticated real estate market.

The process is based on two regulatory instruments: on the one hand, Resolution No. 1824/2025, which establishes the general provisions for the implementation of the Registro Unificado Nacional; and on the other hand, Resolution No. 1823/2025, which approves the Technical Cadastral Registry Regulations governing its operational functioning. Together, they form the new institutional framework of the Paraguayan real estate registry.

It should be noted that this technical regulation has been provisionally approved for a period of one year, starting on January 14, 2026, and comprises 231 articles. This approach reflects a logic of gradual implementation and operational adjustment, allowing the new system to be consolidated based on the practical experience of its first year of operation, without affecting its validity or its binding nature.

Resolution No. 1824/2025 serves as a framework regulation. It implements Law No. 7,424/2025, formally creating the National Unified Registry as a technical and administrative body under the Judicial Branch, with direct oversight from the Supreme Court of Justice.

The Judiciary assumes a central role not only in conflict resolution but also in the comprehensive management of the land registry and cadastral system, absorbing and reorganizing functions that were historically dispersed among different departments. The National Registry of Properties (RUN) integrates, under a single structure, the responsibilities related to public registries, the national cadastre, and the technical aspects of territorial identification of properties.

This centralization responds to a structural weakness long pointed out by the real estate sector: the lack of coherence between cadastre and registry, the duplication of data and the absence of a unique identifier that allows a property to be unequivocally linked to its legal status.

The Agreement also establishes the organizational, financial and technological bases of the RUN, defining its basic structure, the management of judicial fees, the budget administration and the obligation to maintain an updated, public and accessible information system through the institutional portal of the Judiciary.

One of the most relevant elements introduced by Resolution No. 1824 is the creation of the Unique Cadastral Registry Identification Code (CUICR), which will be assigned to each property in the country, whether urban or rural, public or private.

The CUICR is conceived as a unique identification tool, designed to eliminate historical ambiguities in the individualization of parcels. The code integrates geographic, parcel, and registry information into a single alphanumeric structure, allowing for the precise identification of the location, configuration, and type of property, as well as its connection to the property registry.

The transition to the CUICR is not conceived as a massive and immediate regularization of the existing real estate stock, but as a progressive, gradual and non-disruptive process, designed to preserve legal continuity and avoid the paralysis of the registration system.

The CUICR is incorporated into the procedures that enter the National Unified Registry. Every time a property is subject to a registration act, whether it be an entry, annotation, modification, rectification, or cancellation, the system assigns or validates the corresponding code, integrating the available cadastral and registry information.

This approach means the transition occurs in accordance with the natural dynamics of the real estate market, without requiring general re-registrations, new automatic surveys, or a mass review of existing titles. Properties with no recorded activity remain fully valid and retain their historical identifiers until they are eventually entered into the system through a new process.

During this period, the CUICR coexists with traditional identifiers. The new code does not invalidate or replace the previous information, but rather consolidates and organizes it, preserving the historical chain of identification, one of the most sensitive aspects from the point of view of legal certainty.

The assignment of the CUICR (Unique Property Identification Code) is also centralized and administrative. It is not generated by the property owner or the professional involved, but by the technical areas of the RUN (National Registry of Property). The Cadastre Directorate is responsible for the geographic and parcel identifiers, while the Real Estate Registry Directorate assigns the registration identifier. This distribution of responsibilities aims to guarantee uniformity, avoid discretionary practices, and ensure technical consistency throughout the national territory.

From a real estate perspective, this change is structural. Unique identification reduces the risk of overlaps, surveying errors, inconsistencies between plans and titles, and conflicts arising from imprecise descriptions, which have historically been a source of litigation and delays in real estate transactions, financing, and development.

The implementation of the RUN relies on an integrated technological system that links the Registry Management System (SIGRE) with the Judicial Branch's platforms for fee calculation and payment. The Resolution establishes clear rules for electronic processing, the authorization of professional users, and the standardization of digital documentation.

The procedures must meet precise technical requirements regarding formats, resolution, file size, and legibility criteria, incorporating standards that aim to ensure the quality of the information entered into the system. In exceptional cases, alternative mechanisms with subsequent auditing are foreseen, but always preserving the traceability of the process.

This technological approach is not limited to speeding up procedures. It introduces a model of control, uniformity, and transparency, with a direct impact on the predictability of registration times and the reduction of operational discretion.

While Resolution No. 1824 defines the institutional architecture of the system, Resolution No. 1823/2025 fulfills a different but essential function: it approves the Technical Cadastral Registry Regulation of the National Unified Registry, which regulates in detail the daily operation of the system.

This technical regulation comprehensively establishes the procedures for the presentation, qualification, registration, and publication of registry acts. It defines the formal and substantive requirements for documentation, processing times, registration priority criteria, and the methods for correcting, rectifying, or canceling entries.

It also precisely regulates the system of public registration, differentiating between certificates, reports, and copies of entries, and establishing the legal effects of each. This systematization is key to reducing ambiguous interpretations that have historically generated conflicts in complex real estate transactions.

The regulations also incorporate a detailed system of administrative appeals against negative comments or ratings, establishing clear procedures and defined deadlines, which introduces greater predictability for professionals and users of the system.

Another key aspect of the new regulatory framework is the creation of the Registry of Surveyors and Topographers, which is enabling and mandatory for professional practice throughout the national territory.

The new registration system does not exclude one of the most widely used instruments in the real estate market: the purchase agreement, both in condominium developments and land subdivisions. The National Unified Registry maintains and strengthens the Special Registry for Purchase Agreements, integrating it into the general system without altering its legal nature.

The registration of a ticket continues to fulfill its essential function of providing publicity and enforceability against third parties for a personal right, without implying the creation of a real right or its equivalence to ownership. The RUN (National Registry of Property) does not modify this logic, but organizes it within a more coherent and traceable structure.

In the case of units under horizontal property ownership, the purchase agreement is registered linked to the parent property and, where applicable, to the planned or future unit, even if it does not yet have an individualized property title. At this point, the CUICR (Unique Identification Code for Condominium Ownership) allows for more precise identification within the system, reducing contractual ambiguities and strengthening the traceability of rights.

In subdivisions, the system is similar. The deed is registered in conjunction with the larger property and the planned lot, according to the approved plan, without this implying the immediate creation of a separate property. The new system allows this connection to be clearly registered and then seamlessly linked to the final identification of the lot.

Integrating ticket registration into the RUN substantially improves the documentary continuity between the contractual stage and the registration of the definitive real right, something especially relevant in medium and large-scale developments, where pre-sales constitute a central financing tool.

Resolution No. 1824 regulates the registration requirements, the five-year validity of the registration, the revalidation processes and a detailed disciplinary regime, which places these professionals under the supervision of the Supreme Court of Justice.

From a real estate market perspective, this system has a direct impact on its reliability. Plans, surveys, and technical documents form the basis for titles, developments, and guarantees. Raising the technical and ethical standards of these professionals strengthens the overall system.

The implementation of the Unified National Registry is not an immediate change, nor is it without operational challenges. However, its structural scope is undeniable. The integration of cadastral and registry systems, the unique identification of properties, the digitization of processes, and the strengthening of professional oversight lay the foundation for a substantial improvement in legal security for real estate transactions.

For developers, investors, and financial institutions, this new scheme can translate into lower legal analysis costs, greater clarity in project structuring, and a reduction of risks associated with informality or inconsistency in registry information.

The new system, however, does not immediately eliminate historical conflicts, nor does it, on its own, correct poorly drafted titles, defective descriptions, or issues of ownership origin that are part of the country's real estate holdings. The RUN introduces tools to organize, identify, and prevent new conflicts, but it does not replace legal regularization processes when these are necessary.

The real impact of the new system will depend largely on its sustained implementation over time, adequate training for system operators, and institutional consistency in applying technical and registration criteria. Only under these conditions can the Unified National Registry become a genuine structural improvement and not merely a formal reform.

What is undeniable is that the Unified National Registry introduces a different logic: more integrated, more technical, and more predictable. In a country where real estate is one of the main vehicles for savings, investment, and urban development, this change represents a structural step toward a more organized, transparent, and professional market.